Publications

From TheLiquidPhase

The origins of modern countercurrent chromatography can be considered to trace back to a Science paper by Ito and Bowman (Ito and Bowman, 1970), in which the authors described the use of helically coiled tubing and the Archimedean screw force to create a centrifugal field, thereby opening the door to make flow-through partition chromatography an achievable reality. No discussion of this topic is possible without acknowledging the extensive contributions made by Dr. Yoichiro Ito, who has been based at NIH in Bethesda (MD, USA) since the late 1960s. Since that time Ito has continued to publish prolifically on CCC theory and applications, and has been responsible, either himself directly or in a mentorship capacity, for virtually every significant development in the field of high-speed countercurrent chromatography. Dr. Ito is still highly active in the field and has recently published a paper wherein he outlines his “golden rules” for optimizing conditions in CCC experiments (Ito, 2005). Along with Berthod’s 2002 book (see below), this paper will provide the interested reader with sufficient background to get started with the voluminous CCC literature.

Books

Several edited books on CCC are available, and each one contains unique and valuable information for the countercurrent chromatographer (Berthod, 2002; Conway, 1990; Conway and Petroski, 1995; Foucault, 1995; Ito and Conway, 1996; Mandava and Ito, 1988; Menet and Thiebaut, 1999).

• Berthod, A, Ed. Countercurrent Chromatography: The support-free liquid stationary phase (Wilson & Wilson's Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Vol. XXXVIII); Elsevier Science Ltd.: Boston, 2002.

• Conway, Walter D., Ed. Countercurrent Chromatography: Apparatus, Theory and Applications; VCH Publishers: New York, 1990.

• Conway, Walter D.; Petroski, Richard J. Modern Countercurrent Chromatography (ACS Symposium Series #593); ACS Publications, 1995.

• Foucault, Alain P., Ed. Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (Chromatographic Science Series, Vol. 68); Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 1995.

• Ito, Yoichiro; Conway, Walter D., Eds. High-speed Countercurrent Chromatography (Chemical Analysis, Vol 132); John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1996.

• Mandava, N. Bhushan; Ito, Yoichiro, Eds. Countercurrent Chromatography: Theory and Practice (Chromatographic Science Series, Vol. 44); Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 1988.

• Menet, Jean-Michel; Thiebaut, Didier, Eds. Countercurrent Chromatography (Chromatographic Science Series Vol 82); Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 1999.

Research Articles on Countercurrent Chromatography

A majority of the available information on countercurrent chromatography is found in scientific journals. CCC applications have been published in virtually every journal that covers the chemical and/or biological evaluation of pure compounds. The following journals are rich sources of papers on modern CCC theory and applications:

• Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies (Marcel Dekker): formerly Journal of Liquid Chromatography (through 1995); the scientific content of CCC2000 (v. 24 no. 11/12, 2001), CCC2002 (v. 26 no. 9/10, 2003), and CCC2004 (v. 28 no. 12/13, 2005) are published in JLCRT.
• The scientific content of CCC2006 will be published (due out mid-2007) in the Journal of Chromatography A (Elsevier), formerly Journal of Chromatography (through 1993).

Numerous articles on CCC applications can be found in the following journals:

• Analytical Chemistry (ACS Publications)
• Chromatographia (Vieweg Verlag/GWV Fachverlage GmbH)
• Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (ACS Publications)
• Journal of Antibiotics (Japan Antibiotics Research Association)
• Journal of Natural Products (ACS Publications)
• Phytochemistry (Elsevier)

Trends in the Literature on Liquid-liquid Separation Techniques

As shown, the rate of appearance of publications on countercurrent chromatography is currently at an all-time high, and based on the recent and rapid advancements in instrumentation, this trend is likely to continue for the next several years. The peak centered in the mid-1960s is due largely to work employing CCD instruments in which some variant of the term “chromatography” was used in the abstract

Countercurrent distribution (CCD) fell out of use in the late 1960s.

Abstract Lists

CCC Abstracts - Biomolecules

List of Articles

Below are listed a chronology of publications dealing with CCC. It is hoped that users will find the list below useful for their own work, and also as a means to quickly copy and paste citations to reference their contributions to TheLiquidPhase. With much help from the global community (this means you!), this will eventually be a comprehensive list of CCC-related publications:

Craig, L. C. (1943). "Identification of Small Amounts of Organic Compounds by Distribution Studies. Application to Atabrine." J. Biol. Chem. 150: 33-45.

Craig, L. C. (1944). "Identification of Small Amounts of Organic Compounds by Distribution Studies. II. Separation By Counter-current Distribution." J. Biol. Chem. 155: 519-534.

Craig, L. C., J. D. Gregory, et al. (1950). "Studies on polypeptides and amino acids by countercurrent distribution." Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 14: 24-31.

Engel, L. L., W. R. Slaunwhite, Jr., et al. (1950). "The separation of natural estrogens by countercurrent distribution." J Biol Chem 185(1): 255-63.

Holley, R. W., F. P. Boyle, et al. (1951). "A study of the auxins in cabbage using countercurrent distribution." Arch Biochem 32(1): 192-9.

Way, E. L., B. T. Signorotti, et al. (1951). "Studies on the urinary fecal and biliary excretion of d,1 methadone by countercurrent distribution." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 101(3): 249-58.

Craig, L. C. (1952). "Countercurrent distribution." Methods Med Res 5: 3-24.

Bailey, S. D., R. M. Horowitz, et al. (1953). "Countercurrent distribution of colchicine and some derivatives." J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc (Baltim) 42(9): 548-50.

Kepes, A. (1953). "Separation of biological mixtures with the aid of a new apparatus for countercurrent distribution.." Bull Soc Chim Biol (Paris) 35(10): 1243-53.

Olley, J. (1953). "Effect of solute concentration on countercurrent distribution of phospholipins." Biochim Biophys Acta 10(4): 493-8.

Brauniger, H. and K. Spangenberg (1954). "The separation of sulfonamides with countercurrent distribution.." Pharmazie 9(4): 343-8.

Kanzawa, T. (1954). "Application of the countercurrent distribution method. III. Homogeneity test of agroclavine." Pharm Bull 2(4): 316-20.

Kanzawa, T. (1954). "Application of the countercurrent distribution method. II. The colorimetric determination and partition coefficient of agroclavine." Pharm Bull 2(4): 312-5.

Kanzawa, T. (1954). "Application of the countercurrent distribution method. I. Purity of diacetone sorbose and beta-methylnaphthalene." Pharm Bull 2(4): 308-12.

Pierce, J. G. (1954). "Countercurrent distribution studies on anterior pituitary growth hormone." Biochem J 57(1): 16-22.

Brauniger, H. and G. Borgwardt (1955). "Separation of alkaloids by countercurrent distribution.." Pharmazie 10(10): 591-6.

Minieri, P. P. and A. G. Mistretta (1955). "Differentiation and separation of the tetracycline antibiotics by countercurrent distribution." Science 122(3182): 1234.

Carstensen, H. (1956). "Countercurrent distribution studies of steroidal substances in dog aortic and adrenal vein blood." Acta Soc Med Ups 61(3-4): 137-98.

Carstensen, H. (1956). "Countercurrent distribution studies of adrenocortical steroids." Acta Soc Med Ups 61(1-2): 26-46.

Colas Espada, A. (1956). "Countercurrent distribution applied to the analysis of corticosteroids in normal human urine.." Clin Lab (Zaragoza) 61(363): 405-15.

Mitchner, H. and L. M. Parks (1956). "Sabadilla alkaloids. VI. Separation of veratridine and cevadine by countercurrent distribution, pH vs. partition coefficients." J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc (Baltim) 45(8): 549-55.

Von Tavel, P. and R. Signer (1956). "Countercurrent distribution in protein chemistry." Adv Protein Chem 48(11): 237-310.

Baggett, B. and L. L. Engel (1957). "The use of countercurrent distribution for the study of radiochemical purity." J Biol Chem 229(1): 443-50.

Banerjee, R. P., M. L. Chatterjee, et al. (1957). "Rauwolfia alkaloids; fractionation by countercurrent distribution." J Pharm Pharmacol 9(2): 120-7.

Kidd, D. A. and P. G. Scott (1957). "Alkaloids of Rauwolfia species. II. The estimation of reserpine in samples of Rauwolfia by means of countercurrent distribution." J Pharm Pharmacol 9(3): 176-80.

Legge, J. W., A. S. Morieson, et al. (1957). "The chromatography and countercurrent distribution of secretin." Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 35(6): 569-82.

Sensi, P. (1957). "Applications of paper chromatography & countercurrent distribution to steroids & antibiotics.." Boll Chim Farm 96(10): 437-57.

Cole, R. D. and C. H. Li (1958). "Studies on pituitary lactogenic hormone. XIX. Countercurrent distribution." Arch Biochem Biophys 78(2): 392-400.

Craig, L. C. and T. P. King (1958). "Design and use of a 1000-tube countercurrent distribution apparatus." Fed Proc 17(4): 1126-34.

Gish, D. T., L. K. Ramachandran, et al. (1958). "Studies on the amino acid sequence of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) protein. I. Fractionation of products of tryptic hydrolysis by countercurrent distribution." Arch Biochem Biophys 78(2): 433-50.

Levi, A. A. (1958). "Countercurrent distribution: quantitative analysis of results, especially where separation is incomplete." Biochem J 69(4): 516-23.

Meltzer, H. L. (1958). "Three-phase countercurrent distribution: theory and application to the study of strandin." J Biol Chem 233(6): 1327-36.

Siesto, A. J. (1958). "Separation of various tropane alkaloids by countercurrent distribution.." Farmaco Prat 13(9): 445-58.

Siesto, A. J. (1958). "Extraction by means of countercurrent distribution (Craig's distribution) in the theory & application of biopharmacology.." Arch Ital Sci Farmacol 8(3): 225-45.

Cherneva, E. P., N. N. Tunitskii, et al. (1959). Separation of the rare earth elements by countercurrent chromatography. Redkozemel'nye Elementy, Poluchenie, Analiz, Primenenie; Journal Written In Unavailable. 644: 284-9.

Collins, F. D. (1959). "Studies on phospholipids. 5. The separation of dinitrophenylated and methylated phospholipids by countercurrent distribution." Biochem J 72(2): 281-7.

Holley, R. W., B. P. Doctor, et al. (1959). "Countercurrent distribution of rat-liver "soluble"-fraction ribonucleic acids." Biochim Biophys Acta 35: 272-3.

Therriault, D., T. Nichols, et al. (1959). "Isolation of the acid form of phosphatidylserine from beef brain by countercurrent distribution." Rep US Army Med Res Lab 402: 1-11.

Waksmundzki, A. and E. Soczewinski (1959). "A paper-chromatographic method for the determination of suitable buffer systems for countercurrent distribution." Nature 184(Suppl 13): 977-8.

Bland, D. E. (1960). "Methanol lignin from Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. and its purification by countercurrent distribution." Biochem J 75: 195-201.

Khokhlov, A. S. and C. C. Ch'Ih (1960). "Separation of 2,4-dinitrophenol derivatives of certain amino acids by means of countercurrent distribution.." Biokhimiia 25: 1030-4.

Kirby, K. S. (1960). "Fractionation and countercurrent distribution of ribonucleic acid." Biochim Biophys Acta 40: 193-205.

Apgar, J., R. W. Holley, et al. (1961). "Countercurrent distribution of yeast "soluble" ribonucleic acids in a modification of the Kirby system." Biochim Biophys Acta 53: 220-1.

Dixon, J. S., T. B. Lo, et al. (1961). "Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). XXII. The countercurrent distribution behavior in a single solvent system of adrenocorticotropins from sheep, beef and pig pituitary glands." Arch Biochem Biophys 92: 296-300.

Doctor, B. P. and C. M. Connelly (1961). "Separation of yeast amino acid-acceptor ribonucleic acids by countercurrent distribution in modified Kirby's system." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 6: 201-4.

Khokhlov, A. S. and C. C. Ch'Ih (1961). "Determination of the amino acid composition of polymyxin M by means of a countercurrent distribution method.." Biokhimiia 26: 296-9.

Samuelsson, G. (1961). "Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Viscum album L. IV. Countercurrent distribution studies on viscotoxin." Sven Farm Tidskr 65: 209-22.

Apgar, J. and R. W. Holley (1962). "Differences between yeast and ratliver amino acid-specific "soluble" ribonucleic acids shown by countercurrent distribution." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 8: 391-3.

Bengtsson, S., L. Philipson, et al. (1962). "Countercurrent distribution of polio virus." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 9: 318-22.

Beran, M. and M. Semonsky (1962). "Ergot alkaloids. XXII. Separation of mixtures of the levorotatory alkaloids of the ergotamine and ergotoxine group by countercurrent distribution.." Cesk Farm 11: 440-51.

Carpenter, F. H. and A. Chrambach (1962). "On the amide content of insulin fractions isolated by partition column chromatography and countercurrent distribution." J Biol Chem 237: 404-8.

Carstensen, H. (1962). "Analysis of adrenal steroids in blood by countercurrent distribution." Methods Biochem Anal 9: 127-92.

Kerr, V. N. (1962). "Quaternary ammonium nucleates with possible use in countercurrent distribution of nucleic acids." Los Alamos Sci LAMS-2780: 309-15.

King, T. P. and L. C. Craig (1962). "Countercurrent distribution." Methods Biochem Anal 10: 201-28.

Kirby, K. S., J. R. Hastings, et al. (1962). "Countercurrent distribution of ribonucleic acids. IV." Biochim Biophys Acta 61: 978-9.

Bengtsson, S. and L. Philipson (1963). "Countercurrent distribution of poliovirus type 1." Virology 20: 176-84.

Bodanszky, M. and M. A. Ondetti (1963). "Structures of the Vernamycin B Group of Antibiotics." Antimicrobial Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 161: 360-5.

Bodanszky, M. and J. T. Sheehan (1963). "Structure of Doricin, a Peptide Related to the Vernamycin B Group." Antimicrobial Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 161: 38-40.

Carpenter, F. H. and S. L. Hayes (1963). "Electrophoresis on Cellulose Acetate of Insulin and Insulin Derivatives: Correlation with Behavior on Countercurrent Distribution and Partition-Column Chromatography." Biochemistry 2: 1272-7.

Casinovi, C. G. (1963). "A Comprehensive Bibliography of Separations of Organic Substances by Counter-Current Distribution." Chromatogr Rev 46: 161-207.

Harkness, R. A. and K. Fotherby (1963). "The Metabolism of Progesterone in Man. Extraction and Separation by Countercurrent Distribution of the Metabolites in Urine." Biochem J 88: 308-14.

Kidson, C. and K. S. Kirby (1963). "Fractionation of DNA. I. Countercurrent Distribution of Native and Degraded DNA." Biochim Biophys Acta 76: 624-7.

McCormick, G. J. and B. P. Doctor (1963). "Countercurrent Distribution of Yeast Ribonucleic Acid "Core"." Biochim Biophys Acta 76: 628-30.

Renn, D. W., M. Kugelman, et al. (1963). "Ba-17039-a and -B: New Cytotoxic and Antibiotic Substances." Antimicrobial Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 161: 73-6.

Renn, D. W., M. Kugelman, et al. (1963). "Ba-181314: an Antibiotic with Antitumor Activity." Antimicrobial Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 161: 80-2.

Schmitz, H., S. B. Deak, et al. (1963). "Peliomycin, a New Cytotoxic Agent. I. Production, Isolation, and Characterization." Antimicrobial Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 161: 89-94.

Wang, H. K. (1963). "a New Countercurrent Distribution Apparatus.." Yao Xue Xue Bao 10: 510-3.

Allen, C. F., P. Good, et al. (1964). "Plant and chloroplast lipids. I. Separation and composition of major spinach lipids." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 15(5): 424-30.

Anastasi, A., V. Erspamer, et al. (1964). "Isolation and Amino Acid Sequence of Physalaemin, the Main Active Polypeptide of the Skin of Physalaemus Fuscumaculatus." Arch Biochem Biophys 108: 341-8.

Apgar, J. and R. W. Holley (1964). "Separation of E. coli leucine-acceptor RNA's by countercurrent distribution." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 16(2): 121-3.

Aukland, K. and R. W. Berliner (1964). "Renal Medullary Countercurrent System Studied with Hydrogen Gas." Circ Res 15: 430-42.

Bergy, M. E. and R. R. Herr (1964). "U-13,714, a New Antiviral Agent. Ii. Isolation and Characterization." Antimicrobial Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 14: 80-2.

Bickoff, E. M., A. L. Livingston, et al. (1964). "Isolation of Coumestrol and Other Phenolics from Alfalfa by Countercurrent Distribution." J Pharm Sci 53: 1496-9.

Borowski, E., M. Malyshkina, et al. (1964). "Mycoheptin, a new member of non-aromatic group of heptaene macrolide antifungal antibiotics." Chemotherapy 9(6): 359-69.

Burachik, M., N. A. Leardini, et al. (1964). "Three antifungal polypeptides from Bacillus subtilis." Experientia 20(9): 504-5.

French, J. M., M. T. England, et al. (1964). "Separation of Ether-Extractable Fecal Porphyrins by Counter-Current Distribution." Arch Biochem Biophys 107: 404-18.

Geschwind, II and C. H. Li (1964). "Effects of Alkali-Heat Treatment on Beta-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone." Arch Biochem Biophys 106: 200-6.

Goldstein, J., T. B. Bennett, et al. (1964). "Countercurrent Distribution Studies of E. Coli B Srna." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 51: 119-25.

Grubner, O. and E. Kucera (1964). Countercurrent gas-liquid chromatography. Collection Czech Chem Commun. 23: 722-9.

Hamill, R. L. and W. M. Stark (1964). "Macrocin, a New Antibiotic, and Lactenocin, an Active Degradation Product." J Antibiot (Tokyo) 17: 133-9.

Huber, P. (1964). "Does There Also Exist in the Coiled Apparatus of the Glomerulus a Countercurrent System as a Controllable Aggregate?." Helv Physiol Pharmacol Acta 64: C130-1.

Karau, W. and H. G. Zachau (1964). "Isolation of Serine-Specific Transfer-Ribonucleic Acid Fractions.." Biochim Biophys Acta 91: 549-58.

Kidson, C. and K. S. Kirby (1964). "Fractionation of DNA. Ii. Partial Strand Separation as a Basis of Fractionation by Countercurrent Distribution." Biochim Biophys Acta 91: 627-35.

Kidson, C. and K. S. Kirby (1964). "Patterns of Messenger Rna Synthesis in Mammalian Tissues: Analysis by Counter-Current Distribution." J Mol Biol 10: 187-98.

Kidson, C. and K. S. Kirby (1964). "Recognition of Altered Patterns of Messenger Rna Synthesis in a Mouse Hepatoma." Cancer Res 24: 1604-9.

Lancini, G. C. and P. Sensi (1964). "Isolation of 2-acetyl-2-decarboxamidotetracycline from cultures of Streptomyces psammoticus." Experientia 20(2): 83-4.

Lilien, O. M. and R. Spitzer (1964). "The Counter Current System and Osmotic Diuresis." J Urol 92: 9-16.

Marshall, L. M. and D. Magee (1964). "Countercurrent Distribution of D-Lyxose-1-14c." J Chromatogr 15: 97-9.

Marshall, R. D. and A. Neuberger (1964). "Carbohydrates in Protein. 8. the Isolation of 2-Acetamido-1-(L-Beta-Aspartamido)-1,2-Dideoxy-Beta-D-Glucose from Hen's Egg Abumin." Biochemistry 3: 1596-600.

Meyer, C. E. (1964). "Rubradirin, a New Antibiotic. Ii. Isolation and Characterization." Antimicrobial Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 10: 97-9.

Ruttenberg, M. A., T. P. King, et al. (1964). "Cleavage of Peptide Proline Bonds by Lithium Aluminum Hydride." Biochemistry 3: 758-64.

Schleich, T. and J. Goldstein (1964). "Gel Filtration Properties of Ccd-Prepared E. Coli B Srna." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 52: 744-9.

Stewart, J. M. and D. W. Woolley (1964). "Threonine Analogs of Bradykinin Designed as Antimetabolites." Biochemistry 3: 700-7.

Strickler, H. S., E. L. Saier, et al. (1964). "Removal of Radiopaque Organic Iodine from Serum Hormonal Iodine--Use of Blau's Reagent Coupled with Countercurrent Distribution." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 24: 15-27.

Suzuki, R., K. Hayashi, et al. (1964). "Contribution to the Elucidation of the Chemical Structure of Polymyxin B1." J Biochem (Tokyo) 56: 335-43.

Theodoropoulos, D. and I. Souchleris (1964). "Further Synthetic Studies with Phosphorylated Peptides." Biochemistry 3: 145-51.

Ward, M. G. and L. L. Engel (1964). "Reversal of the 3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-Isomerase Reactions. Conversion of Androst-4-Ene-3,17-Dione-4-14c to 3-Beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-En-17-One-14c and 3-Beta-Hydroxyandrost-5en-17-One-14c." J Biol Chem 239: PC3604-6.

Albertsson, P. A. (1965). "Thin-Layer Countercurrent Distribution." Anal Biochem 11: 121-5.

Anastasi, A., V. Erspamer, et al. (1965). "Occurence of Bradykinin in the Skin of Rana Temporaria." Comp Biochem Physiol 14: 43-52.

Barnett, W. E. (1965). "Interspecies aminoacyl-sRNA formation: fractionation of Neurospora enzymes involved in anomalous aminoacylation." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 53(6): 1462-7.

Bennett, T. P., J. Goldstein, et al. (1965). "Coding and Charging Specificities of Srna's Isolated by Countercurrent Distribution." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 53: 385-92.

Borowski, E., M. Malyshkina, et al. (1965). "Isolation and characterization of levorin A and B, the heptaene macrolide antifungal antibiotics of "aromatic" subgroup." Chemotherapy 10(3): 176-94.

Chernoff, A. I. (1965). "The Amino Acid Composition of Hemoglobin. Iv. the Preparation of Pure Polypeptide Chains of Human Hemoglobins." J Chromatogr 17: 140-8.

Coch, J. A., E. Caggianodeferrari, et al. (1965). "Counter Current Distribution of Alkaloids with a Ph Gradient." J Chromatogr 17: 193-5.

De Fernandez, M. T., A. C. Paladini, et al. (1965). "Isolation and identification of a pepsitensin." Biochem J 97(2): 540-6.

Doctor, B. P. and G. J. McCormick (1965). "Fractionation of Oligonucleotides of Yeast Soluble Ribonucleic Acids by Countercurrent Distribution." Biochemistry 4: 49-54.

Doolittle, R. F. and S. J. Singer (1965). "Tryptic peptides from the active sites of antibody molecules." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 54(6): 1773-9.

Eaker, D. L., T. P. King, et al. (1965). "Des-lysyl glutamyl and des-lysyl pyroglutamyl ribonucleases. I. Isolation and characterization." Biochemistry 4(8): 1473-8.

Emerman, S., J. Dancis, et al. (1965). "Metabolism of Estrone-6,7-3h Sulfate-35s in the Perfused Human Fetus." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 25: 639-48.

French, F. S., B. Baggett, et al. (1965). "Testicular Feminization: Clinical, Morphological and Biochemical Studies." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 25: 661-77.

Fujimoto, J. M., W. F. Eich, et al. (1965). "Enhanced Sulfobromophthalein Disappearance in Mice Pretreated with Various Drugs." Biochem Pharmacol 14: 515-24.

Goebelsmann, U., G. Eriksson, et al. (1965). "Metabolism of oestriol-3-sulphate and eostriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate in pregnant women." Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 50(2): 273-88.

Goebelsmann, U., K. Sjoberg, et al. (1965). "Oestriol-3-glucosiduronate, a major urinary metabolite of oestriol and oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate." Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 50(2): 261-72.

Grachev, M. A., E. I. Budowsky, et al. (1965). "A test for the "degeneracy" of valine-acceptor ribonucleic acid." Biochim Biophys Acta 108(3): 506-9.

Guillemin, R., E. Sakiz, et al. (1965). "Further Purification of Tsh-Releasing Factor (Trf) from Sheep Hypothalamic Tissues, with Observations on the Amino Acid Composition." Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 118: 1132-7.

Hadd, H. E. and R. K. Rhamy (1965). "Isolation of Testosterone-(17-Beta--1-Beta-Oside)-D-Glucopyranosuronic Acid from Human Blood." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 25: 876-83.

Hall, P. F. and S. B. Koritz (1965). "Influence of interstitial cell-stimulating hormone on the conversion of cholesterol to progesterone by bovine corpus luteum." Biochemistry 4(6): 1037-43.

Hilschmann, N. and L. C. Craig (1965). "Countercurrent-Distribution Studies with Bence-Jones Protein in a Dissociating System." Biochemistry 4: 5-11.

Holley, R. W. (1965). "Structure of an alanine transfer ribonucleic acid." Jama 194(8): 868-71.

Hoskinson, R. M. and H. G. Khorana (1965). "Studies on Polynucleotides. Xli. Purification of Phenylalanine-Specific Transfer Ribonucleic Acid from Yeast by Countercurrent Distribution." J Biol Chem 240: 2129-34.

Hultin, E. (1965). "Thin-Layer Chromatography of Plant Extracts. 3. Countercurrent Separation of Plant Extracts." Acta Chem Scand 19: 591-4.

Jarvis, D., B. M. Ferrier, et al. (1965). "The effect of increasing the size of the ring present in deamino-oxytocin by one methylene group on its biological properties. The synthesis of 1-gamma-mercaptobutyric acid-oxytocin." J Biol Chem 240(9): 3553-7.

Kidson, C. and K. S. Kirby (1965). "Selective Alteration of Rapidly-Labeled Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Rat Liver During Azo-Dye Carcinogenesis." Cancer Res 25: 472-6.

Kraus, L. M. and F. G. Sassano (1965). "Antigenicity of the Peptide Chains Isolated from Human Hemoglobins a and F." Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 118: 1137-40.

Krutilina, A. I., A. D. Mirzabekov, et al. (1965). "The nucleotide composition and oligonucleotides of the pyrimidyl-ribonuclease digest of valine-specific transfer RNA." Biokhimiia 30(6): 1225-35.

Kupchan, S. M., S. J. Barboutis, et al. (1965). "Beta-solamarine: tumor inhibitor isolated from Solanum dulcamara." Science 150(705): 1827-8.

Leonhardt, K. O., R. R. Landes, et al. (1965). "Anatomy and Physiology of Intrarenal Oxygen Tension: Preliminary Study of the Effects of Anesthetics." Anesthesiology 26: 648-58.

Lin, S. C. and E. L. Way (1965). "N-dealkylation of anileridine to normeperidine." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 150(2): 309-15.

Mao, J. C. and P. L. Tardrew (1965). "Demethylation of erythromycins by rabbit tissues in vitro." Biochem Pharmacol 14(7): 1049-58.

Maynert, E. W. (1965). "On the specificity of penultimate oxidation. The fate of 5-ethyl-5-n-hexylbarbituric acid." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 150(3): 476-83.

Melchers, F. and H. G. Zachau (1965). "Chromatography of Seryl-Rna and Cysteinyl-Rna on Columns of Methylated Albumin on Kieselguhr.." Biochim Biophys Acta 95: 380-7.

Meyer, A. S. and H. A. Ax (1965). "Paper chromatographic and countercurrent distribution systems for characterization of juvenile hormone from the Cecropia silk moth." Anal Biochem 11(2): 290-6.

Morris, L. J. (1965). "A Synthetic Optically Active Trialiphatic Triglyceride and a Method for the Detection of Optical Activity in Natural Asymmetric Triglycerides." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 18: 495-500.

Morrison, J. A. (1965). "The absorption, excretion and metabolic fate of mephenoxalone in the dog." Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 157(2): 385-99.

Orti, E., R. K. Baker, et al. (1965). "Comparison of the physicochmeical properties of a urinary pigment of human and bovine origin." Nature 207(2): 1206-7.

Pinto, J. D., M. N. Camien, et al. (1965). "Metabolic Fate of P,P'-Ddt (1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-Bis(P-Chlorophenyl)Ethane)in Rats." J Biol Chem 240: 2148-54.

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